GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues
Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning, Eds.
Article Citations
1996

(Listed in order of appearance in compendium)

Part I. ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASES AND MAPPING

Bretherton, Francis. "Why Bother?" GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 3-6.

Miller, Roberta Balstad. "Information Technology for Public Policy." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 7-10.

Goodchild, Michael. "The Spatial Data Infrastructure of Environmental Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 11-16.

Steyaert, Louis T. "Status of Land Data for Environmental Modeling and Challenges for Geographic Information Systems in Land Characterization." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 17-28.

Burrough, P. A., R. van Rijn, and M. Rikken. "Spatial Data Quality and Error Analysis Issues: GIS Functions and Environmental Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 29-34.

Aspinall, Richard J., and Diane M. Pearson. "Data Quality and Spatial Analysis: Analytical Use of GIS for Ecological Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 35-38.

Lees, Brian. "Sampling Strategies for Machine Learning Using GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 39-42.

Carver, Steve, Ian Heywood, Sarah Cornelius, and David Sear. "Evaluating Field-Based GIS for Environmental Characterization, Modeling, and Decision Support." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 43-48.

Lytle, Dennis J., Norman B. Bliss, and Sharon W. Waltman. "Interpreting the State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO)." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 49-52.

Gessler, P. E., I. D. Moore, N. J. McKenzie, and P. J. Ryan. "Soil-Landscape Modeling in Southeastern Australia." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 53-58.

DeGloria, S. D., and R. J. Wagenet. "Modeling and Visualizing Soil Behavior at Multiple Scales." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 59-62.

Ventura, Stephen J., Barbara J. Irvin, Brian K. Slater, and Kevin McSweeney. "Data Structures for Representation of Soil Stratigraphy." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 63-68.

Frew, James. "The Sequoia 2000 Project." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 69-72.

Lozar, Robert. "Global Data and Tutorial to Model Climatic Change and Environmental Sensitivity." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 73-78.

Kineman, John J., Donald L. Phillips, and Mark A. Ohrenschall. "Global Ecosystems Database Project: An Experiment in Data Integration for Global Change." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 79-84.

Hutchinson, M. F. "Thin Plate Spline Interpolation of Mean Rainfall: Getting the Temporal Statistics Correct." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 85-90.

Daly, Christopher, and George H. Taylor. "Development of a New Oregon Precipitation Map Using the PRISM Model." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 91-92.

Running, Steven W., and Peter E. Thornton. "Generating Daily Surfaces of Temperature and Precipitation over Complex Topography." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 93-98.

Pielke, R. A., J. Baron, T. Chase, J. Copeland, T. G. F. Kittel, T. J. Lee, R. Walko, and X. Zeng. "Use of Mesoscale Models for Simulation of Seasonal Weather and Climate Change for the Rocky Mountain States." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 99-104.

Walker, Hoyt, and John M. Leone, Jr. "The Effect of Elevation Data Representation on Nocturnal Drainage Wind Simulations." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 105-110.

Robeson, Scott M., and Cort J. Willmott. "Spherical Spatial Interpolation and Terrestrial Air Temperature Variability." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 111-116.

Corbett, John D. "Dynamic Crop Environment Classification Using Interpolated Climate Surfaces." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 117-122.

Engel, Bernard A. "Methodologies for Development of Hydrologic Response Units Based on Terrain, Land Cover, and Soils Data." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 123-128.

Dubayah, Ralph, and Paul M. Rich. "GIS-Based Solar Radiation Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 129-134.

Fairbanks, Dean, Kenneth McGuire, Kelly Cayocca, Jeffrey LeNay, and John Estes. "Sensitivity to Climate Change of Floristic Gradients in Vegetation Communities." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 135-140.

PART II. ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING LINKED TO GIS

Moore, Ian D. "Hydrologic Modeling and GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 143-148.

Johnston, Carol A., Yosef Cohen, and John Pastor. "Modeling of Spatially Static and Dynamic Ecological Processes." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 149-154.

Leavesley, G. H., P. J. Restrepo, L. G. Stannard, L. A. Frankoski, and A. M. Sautins. "MMS: A Modeling Framework for Multidisciplinary Research and Operational Applications." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 155-158.

Battaglin, William A., Gerhard Kuhn, and Randolph Parker. "Using GIS to Link Digital Spatial Data and the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System: Gunnison River Basin, Colorado." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 159-164.

Brimicombe, Allan J., and Jonathan M. Bartlett. "Linking GIS with Hydraulic Modeling for Flood Risk Assessment: The Hong Kong Approach." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 165-168.

Krummel, J. R., C. P. Dunn, T. C. Eckert, and A. J. Ayers. "A Technology to Analyze Spatiotemporal Landscape Dynamics: Application to Cadiz Township (Wisconsin)." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 169-174.

Mladenoff, David J., George E. Host, Joel Boeder, and Thomas R. Crow. "LANDIS: A Spatial Model of Forest Landscape Disturbance, Succession, and Management." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 175-180.

Acevedo, Miguel F., Dean L. Urban, and Magdiel Ablan. "Landscape Scale Forest Dynamics: GIS, Gap, and Transition Models." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 181-186.

Mackey, B.G., R.A. Sims, K.A. Baldwin, and I.D. Moore. "Spatial Analysis of Boreal Forest Ecosystems: Results from the Rinker Lake Case Study." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 187-190.

Emmi, Philip C., and Carl A. Horton. "Seismic Risk Assessment, Accuracy Requirements, and GIS-Based Sensitivity Analysis." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 191-196.

French, Deborah P., and Mark Reed. "Integrated Environmental Impact Model and GIS for Oil and Chemical Spills." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 197-198.

Vieux, Baxter E., Nadim S. Farajalla, and Nalneesh Gaur. "Integrated GIS and Distributed Storm Water Runoff Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 199-204.

Saghafian, Bahram. "Implementation of a Distributed Hydrologic Model within GRASS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 205-208.

Jankowski, Piotr, and Gregory Haddock. "Integrated Nonpoint Source Pollution Modeling System." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 209-212.

Srinivasan, R., J. Arnold, W. Rosenthal, and R. S. Muttiah. "Hydrologic Modeling of Texas Gulf Basin Using GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 213-218.

Duguay, Claude R., and Donald A. Walker. "Environmental Modeling and Monitoring with GIS: Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research Site." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 219-224.

Brandt, Stephen B., Doran M. Mason, Andrew Goyke, Kyle J. Hartman, James M. Kirsch, and Jaingang Luo. "Spatial Modeling of Fish Growth: Underwater Views of the Aquatic Habitat." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 225-230.

Miller, David. R. "Knowledge-Based Systems for Coupling GIS and Process-Based Ecological Models." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 231-234.

Hay, Lauren, Loey Knapp, and Janet Bromberg. "Integrating GIS, Scientific Visualization Systems, Statistics, and an Orographic Precipitation Model for a Hydroclimatic Study of the Gunnison River Basin." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 235-238.

Lee, Tsengdar J., and Roger A. Pielke. "GIS and Atmospheric Modeling: A Case Study." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 239-242.

Malanson, George P., Marc P. Armstrong, and David A. Bennett. "Fragmented Forest Response to Climatic Warming and Disturbance." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 243-248.

McKinney, Daene C., and Han-Lin Tsai. "Solving Groundwater Problems Using Multigrid Methods in a Grid-Cell-Based GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 249-254.

Rogowski, Andrew S. "Conditional Simulation of Percolate Flux Below a Root Zone." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 255-260.

Sham, Chi Ho, John W. Brawley, and Max A. Moritz. "Analyzing Septic Nitrogen Loading to Receiving Waters: Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 261-264.

D'Agnese F. A., A. K. Turner, and C. C. Faunt. "Using Geoscientific Information Systems for Three-Dimensional Regional Groundwater Flow Modeling: Death Valley Region, Nevada and California." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 265-270.

DePinto, Joseph V., Joseph F. Atkinson, Hugh W. Calkins, Paul J. Densham, Weihe Guan, Hui Lin, Frank Xia, Paul W. Rodgers, and Tad Slawecki. "Development of GEO-WAMS: A Modeling Support System to Integrate GIS with Watershed Analysis Models." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 271-276.

Neganban, B., C. Fonyo, K. L. Campbell, J. W. Jones, W. G. Boggess, G. Kiker, E. Hamouda, E. Flaig, and H. Lal. "LOADSS: A GIS-Based Decision Support System for Regional Environmental Planning." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 277-282.

Craig, Paul M., and Gerald A. Burnette. "Basinwide Water-Quality Planning Using the QUAL2E Model in a GIS Environment." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 283-286.

Cronshey, Roger G., Fred D. Theurer, and R. L. Glenn. "GIS Water-Quality Model Interface: A Prototype." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 287-292.

Kittel, T. G. F., D. S. Ojima, D. S. Schimel, R. McKeown, J. G. Bromberg, T. H. Painter, N. A. Rosenbloom, W. J. Parton, and F. Giogi. "Model GIS Integration and Data Set Development to Assess Terrestrial Ecosystem Vulnerability to Climate Change." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 293-298.

Cuddy, Susan M., J. Richard David, and Peter A. Whigham. "Integrating Time and Space in an Environmental Model to Predict Damage from Army Training Exercises." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 299-304.

Grimmond, C. S. B. "Dynamically Determined Parameters for Urban Energy and Water Exchange Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 305-308.

Lakhtakia, Mercedes N., Douglas A. Miller, Richard A. White, and Christopher B. Smith. "GIS as an Integrative Tool in Climate and Hydrology Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 309-312.

PART III. BUILDING ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS WITH GIS

Maidment, David R. "Environmental Modeling within GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 315-324.

Gao, Peng, Cixiang Zhan, and Sudhakar Menon. "An Overview of Cell-Based Modeling with GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 325-332.

Clarke, Keith C., and Greg Olsen. "Refining a Cellular Automaton Model of Wildfire Propagation and Extinction." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 333-338.

Kemp, Karen K. "Managing Spatial Continuity for Integrating Environmental Models with GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 339-344.

Mitasova, H., L. Mitas, W. M. Brown, D. P. Gerdes, I. Kosinovsky, and T. Baker. "Modeling Spatial and Temporal Distributed Phenomena: New Methods and Tools for Open GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 345-352.

Djokic, Dean. "Toward a General-Purpose Decision Support System Using Existing Technologies." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 353-356.

Frysinger, Steven P., David A. Copperman, and Joseph P. Levantino. "Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS): An Open Architecture Integrating Modeling and GIS." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 357-362.

Keller, C. Peter, and James D. Strapp. "Multicriteria Decision Support for Land Reform Using GIS and API." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 363-366.

Kessell, Stephen R. "The Integration of Empirical Modeling, Dynamic Process Modeling, Visualization, and GIS for Bushfire Decision Support in Australia." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 367-372.

Smith, Terence R., Jianwen Su, Amitabh Saran, and Anuradha M. Sastri. "Computational Modeling Systems to Support the Development of Scientific Models." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 373-382.

Crosbie, Peter. "Object-Oriented Design of GIS: A New Approach to Environmental Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 383-386.

Raper, Jonathan, and David Livingstone. "High-Level Coupling of GIS and Environmental Process Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 387-390.

White, Dale A., and Matthias Hofschen. "Spatial Analysis of Nutrient Loads in Rivers and Streams." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 391-396.

Yeh, T-S., and B. de Cambray. "Time as a Geometric Dimension for Modeling the Evolution of Entities: A Three-Dimensional Approach." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 397-404.

LaPotin, Perry J., and H. L. McKim. "Optimal Classification Techniques for Feedforward Parallel Distributed Processors." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 405-412.

Fedra, Kurt. "Distributed Models and Embedded GIS: Integration Strategies and Case Studies." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 413-418.

Lam, David, and Christian Pupp. "Integration of GIS, Expert Systems, and Modeling for State-of-Environment Reporting." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 419-422.

Cowan, D. D., T. R. Grove, C. I. Mayfield, R. T. Newkirk, and D. A. Swayne. "An Integrative Information Framework for Environmental Management and Research." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 423-428.

Bromberg, J. G., R. McKeown, L. Knapp, T. G. F. Kittel, D. S. Ojima, and D. S. Schimel. "Integrating GIS and the CENTURY Model to Manage and Analyze Data." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 429-432.

Csillag, Ferenc. "Variations on Hierarchies: Toward Linking and Integrating Structures." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 433-438.

Bennett, David A., Marc P. Armstrong, and Frank Weirich. "An Object-Oriented Model Base Management System for Environmental Simulation." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 439-444.

Stoms, David M., Frank W. Davis, and Allan D. Hollander. "Hierarchical Representation of Species Distribution for Biological Survey and Monitoring." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 445-450.

Johnson, Alan R. "Spatiotemporal Hierarchies in Ecological Theory and Modeling." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 451-456.

Reitsma, Rene. "Bootstrapping River Basin Models with Object Orientation and GIS Topology." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 457-462.

Buttenfield, Barbara. P. "Scientific Visualization for Environmental Modeling: Interactive and Proactive Graphics." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 463-468.

Knapp, Loey, Gregory J. McCabe, Jr., Lauren E. Hay, and Randolph S. Parker. "A High-Resolution Moisture Index: Gunnison River Basin, Colorado." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 469-472.

Timmins, Sidey P., and Carolyn T. Hunsaker. "Tools for Visualizing Landscape Pattern in Large Geographic Areas." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 473-478.

Wanger, Len, Zahid Ahmed, and Peter Kochevar. "Intelligent Browsing of Earth Science Data in the Sequoia 2000 Project." GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Eds. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston, David Maidment, Michael Crane, and Sandi Glendinning. Boulder: GIS World Books, 1996. 479-484.